9. JULES Output variables

Variables that are available for output from JULES are listed in this section, separated according to the broad area of science. If a variable cannot be found, users should also check in related sections.

Note

Most variables are output on the full model grid (even for variables defined on land points only).

Most river variables are output on the river routing model grid, which is a 1D grid defined on the valid river routing points only. These are indicated by names ending in _rp and have a single spatial dimension of size np_rivers. A regridded version of some river variables can also be output on the full model grid.”

Any points on the grid for which a variable is not defined with be filled with a missing data value.

Any variables also available on soil tiles are indicated next to their non-soil-tiled analogues, e.g. var[_soilt], in which case they have an additional dimension of size nsoilt.

All variables include a land point dimension, unless specified otherwise.

The sizes of dimensions are indicated in the tables below using links to other sections of this documentation, wherever possible. Other sizes are discussed in the table below.

Name Description
ch4layer

Number of soil methane layers.

Equals sm_levels if l_ch4_tlayered = TRUE, otherwise = 1.

cslayer

Number of layers for soil carbon and nitrogen.

With the single-pool soil model (soil_bgc_model = 1), cslayer = 1.

With RothC (soil_bgc_model = 2), if l_layeredc = TRUE cslayer = sm_levels, otherwise cslayer = 1.

With the ECOSSE model (soil_bgc_model = 3), cslayer = dim_cslayer.

cspool

Number of soil carbon pools.

=1 with the single-pool soil model (soil_bgc_model = 1).

=4 with the RothC or ECOSSE models (soil_bgc_model = 2 or 3).

land+sea Variable is available on all points (land and sea).
ncpft Number of crop plant functional types - see ncpft.
npft Number of plant functional types - see npft.
ns_deep The number of levels in the thermal-only bedrock - see ns_deep.
nsmax Maximum-allowed number of snow layers - see nsmax.
nsoilt Number of soil tiles. nsurft if l_tile_soil = TRUE, otherwise 1.
nsurft Number of surface tiles. 1 if l_aggregate = TRUE, otherwise ntype.
ntype Number of surface types, = npft + nnvg
sm_levels Number of soil layers (for soil moisture) - see sm_levels.

9.1. Meteorology

Unlesss stated otherwise these variables have values at both land and sea points.

Name Description Dimensions
precip Gridbox precipitation rate (kg m-2 s-1).  
rainfall Gridbox rainfall rate (kg m-2 s-1).  
snowfall Gridbox snowfall rate (kg m-2 s-1).  
con_rain Gridbox convective rainfall (kg m-2 s-1).  
con_snow Gridbox convective snowfall (kg m-2 s-1).  
ls_rain Gridbox large-scale rainfall (kg m-2 s-1).  
ls_snow Gridbox large-scale snowfall (kg m-2 s-1).  
pstar Gridbox surface pressure (Pa).  
q1p5m_gb Gridbox specific humidity at 1.5m height (kg kg-1).  
qw1 Gridbox specific humidity (total water content) (kg kg-1).  
q1p5m Tile specific humidity at 1.5m over land tiles (kg kg-1). land,nsurft
lw_down Gridbox surface downward LW radiation (W m-2).  
sw_down Gridbox surface downward SW radiation (W m-2).  
t1p5m_gb Gridbox temperature at 1.5m height (K).  
t1p5m Tile temperature at 1.5m over land tiles (K). land,nsurft
tl1 Gridbox ice/liquid water temperature (K).  
u1 Gridbox westerly wind component (m s-1).  
u10m Gridbox westerly wind component at 10 m height (m s-1).  
v1 Gridbox southerly wind component (m s-1).  
v10m Gridbox southerly wind component at 10m height (m s-1).  
wind Gridbox wind speed (m s-1).  

9.2. Radiation

Name Description Dimensions
Albedos and emissivities
albedo_land Gridbox albedo (as used to calculate net shortwave radiation) (-).  
alb_tile_1 Tile land albedo, waveband 1 (direct beam visible). nsurft
alb_tile_2 Tile land albedo, waveband 2 (diffuse visible). nsurft
alb_tile_3 Tile land albedo, waveband 3 (direct beam NIR). nsurft
alb_tile_4 Tile land albedo, waveband 4 (diffuse NIR). nsurft
land_albedo_1 Gridbox band 1 albedo (direct beam visible). land+sea
land_albedo_2 Gridbox band 2 albedo (diffuse visible). land+sea
land_albedo_3 Gridbox band 3 albedo (direct beam NIR). land+sea
land_albedo_4 Gridbox band 4 albedo (diffuse NIR). land+sea
emis_gb Gridbox emissivity.  
emis Tile emissivity. nsurft
Radiation fluxes
apar PFT absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (W m-2). npft
apar_gb Gridbox absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (W m-2).  
lw_down_surft Tile downwelling longwave radiation (W m-2). nsurft
lw_up_surft Tile upwelling longwave radiation (W m-2). nsurft
lw_net Gridbox surface net LW radiation (W m-2).  
lw_up Gridbox surface upward LW radiation (W m-2).  
rad_net Surface net radiation (W m-2).  
rad_net_tile Tile surface net radiation (W m-2). nsurft
sw_net Gribox net shortwave radiation at the surface (W m-2).  
sw_net_surft Tile net shortwave radiation (W m-2). nsurft
Other radiation variables
cosz Cosine of the zenith angle (-). land+sea
diff_frac Gridbox fraction of radiation that is diffuse (-). land+sea
fapar PFT fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (-). npft
NDVI_land Gridbox NDVI (using sum of direct and diffuse for (NIR-VIS)/(NIR+VIS)).  
trad Gridbox effective radiative temperature (K).  

9.3. Energy and momentum fluxes, and surface temperatures

Name Description Dimensions
ftl Tile surface sensible heat flux for land tiles (W m-2). nsurft
ftl_gb Gridbox surface sensible heat flux (W m-2). land+sea
le Tile surface latent heat flux for land tiles (W m-2). nsurft
latent_heat Gridbox surface latent heat flux (W m-2). land+sea
surf_ht_flux Downward heat flux for each tile (W m-2). nsurft
surf_ht_store C*(dT/dt) for each tile (W m-2). nsurft
surf_ht_flux_gb Gridbox net downward heat flux at surface over land and sea-ice fraction of gridbox (W m-2). land+sea
anthrop_heat Anthropogenic heat flux for each tile (W m-2). nsurft
hf_snow_melt Gridbox snowmelt heat flux (W m-2).  
snomlt_surf_htf Gridbox heat flux used for surface melting of snow (W m-2). land+sea
snomlt_sub_htf Gridbox sub-canopy snowmelt heat flux (W m-2).  
tstar_gb Gridbox surface temperature (K). land+sea
tstar Tile surface temperature (K). nsurft
tsurf_elev_surft Tile temperature of elevated subsurface tiles (K). nsurft
tau Tile surface wind stress for land tiles (N m-2). nsurft
taux1 Gridbox westerly component of surface wind stress (N m-2). land+sea
tauy1 Gridbox southerly component of surface wind stress (N m-2). land+sea
tauy_gb Gridbox scalar magnitude of surface wind stress (N m-2). land+sea
z0 Tile surface roughness (m). nsurft

9.4. Soil moisture and temperature, and soil characteristics

Name Description Dimensions
Soil moisture
smcl[_soilt] Moisture content of each soil layer (kg m-2). sm_levels
soil_wet Total moisture content of each soil layer, as fraction of saturation (-). sm_levels
sthu[_soilt] Unfrozen moisture content of each soil layer as a fraction of saturation (-). sm_levels
sthu_irr[_soilt] Unfrozen moisture content of each soil layer as a fraction of saturation in irrigated fraction (-) (only available if l_irrig_dmd = T). sm_levels
sthf[_soilt] Frozen moisture content of each soil layer as a fraction of saturation (-). sm_levels
smc_tot Gridbox total soil moisture in column (kg m-2).  
swet_liq_tot Gridbox unfrozen soil moisture as fraction of saturation (-).  
swet_tot Gridbox soil moisture as fraction of saturation (-).  
sthzw[_soilt] Soil wetness in the deep LSH/TOPMODEL layer (-).  
zw[_soilt] Gridbox mean depth to water table (m).  
Soil temperature
t_soil[_soilt] Sub-surface temperature of each layer (K). sm_levels
tsoil_deep Temperature of each bedrock layer (K). Only available when l_bedrock = TRUE. ns_deep
depth_frozen Gridbox depth of frozen ground at surface defined from soil temperature (m).  
depth_frozen_sthf Gridbox depth of frozen ground at surface defined from soil moisture (m). Recommended over depth_frozen except where the soil is very dry.  
depth_unfrozen Gridbox depth of unfrozen ground at surface defined from soil temperature (m).  
depth_unfrozen_sthf Gridbox depth of unfrozen ground at surface defined from soil moisture (m). Recommended over depth_unfrozen except where the soil is very dry.  
Soil characteristics
b[_soilt] Brooks-Corey exponent for each soil layer (-). sm_levels
hcap[_soilt] Dry soil heat capacity (J K-1 m-3) for each soil layer. sm_levels
hcon[_soilt] Dry soil thermal conductivity (W m-1 K-1) for each soil layer. sm_levels
satcon[_soilt] Saturated hydraulic conductivity (kg m-2 s-1) for each soil layer. sm_levels
sathh[_soilt] Saturated soil water pressure (m) for each soil layer. sm_levels
sm_crit[_soilt] Volumetric moisture content at critical point for each soil layer (-), as given in JULES_SOIL_PROPS. sm_levels
sm_sat[_soilt] Volumetric moisture content at saturation for each soil layer (-). sm_levels
sm_wilt[_soilt] Volumetric moisture content at wilting point for each soil layer (-), as given in JULES_SOIL_PROPS. sm_levels

9.5. Hydrology

Name Description Dimensions
Canopy hydrology
canopy_gb Gridbox canopy water content (kg m-2).  
canopy Tile surface/canopy water for snow-free land tiles (kg m-2). nsurft
catch Tile surface/canopy water capacity of snow-free land tiles (kg m-2). nsurft
tfall Gridbox throughfall (kg m-2 s-1).  
Evaporation and sublimation
fqw Tile surface moisture flux for land tiles (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
fqw_gb Gridbox moisture flux from surface (kg m-2 s-1). land+sea
ecan Tile evaporation from canopy/surface store for snow-free land tiles (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
ecan_gb Gridbox mean evaporation from canopy/surface store (kg m-2 s-1). land+sea
ei Tile sublimation from lying snow for land tiles (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
ei_gb Gridbox sublimation from lying snow or sea-ice (kg m-2 s-1). land+sea
elake Gridbox mean evaporation from lakes (kg m-2 s-1).  
esoil Tile surface evapotranspiration from soil moisture store for snow-free land tile (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
esoil_gb Gridbox surface evapotranspiration from soil moisture store (kg m-2 s-1). land+sea
et_stom Tile transpiration (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
et_stom_gb Gridbox transpiration (kg m-2 s-1). land+sea
fao_et0 FAO Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration for reference crop (kg m-2 s-1)  
gc Tile surface conductance to evaporation for land tiles (m s-1). nsurft
gs Gridbox surface conductance to evaporation (m s-1).  
ext[_soilt] Extraction of water from each soil layer (kg m-2 s-1). sm_levels
fsmc_gb Gridbox soil moisture availability factor (beta) (-).  
fsmc PFT soil moisture availability factor (-). npft
smc_avail_top Gridbox available moisture in surface layer of depth given by zsmc (kg m-2). Calculated using sm_wilt from JULES_SOIL_PROPS.  
smc_avail_tot Gridbox available moisture in soil column (kg m-2). Calculated using sm_wilt from JULES_SOIL_PROPS.  
Runoff
runoff Gridbox runoff rate (kg m-2 s-1).  
sub_surf_roff Gridbox sub-surface runoff (kg m-2 s-1).  
surf_roff Gridbox surface runoff (kg m-2 s-1).  
sat_excess_roff[_soilt] Gridbox saturation excess runoff rate (kg m-2 s-1).  
drain[_soilt] Gridbox drainage at bottom of soil column (kg m-2 s-1).  
qbase[_soilt] Gridbox baseflow (lateral subsurface runoff) (kg m-2 s-1), i.e. the sum of surface and subsurface lateral flows from all soil layers (inc. deep LSH/TOPMODEL layer). Only available if l_top = TRUE.  
qbase_zw[_soilt] Gridbox baseflow (lateral subsurface runoff) from deep LSH/TOPMODEL layer (kg m-2 s-1). Only available if l_top = TRUE.  
Other hydrological variables
fsat[_soilt] Gridbox surface saturated fraction (-). The fraction of grid cell where the water table is e above the land surface. Only available if l_top = TRUE.  
fwetl[_soilt] Gridbox wetland fraction at end of model timestep (-). The fraction of grid cell where the water table is above the land surface, but water is not flowing (stagnant) (fwetl<=fsat). Only available if l_top = TRUE.  

9.6. Rivers

Name Description Dimensions
Output on the river routing model grid
rflow_rp River routing gridbox river flow rate (kg m-2 s-1). Only available if l_rivers = TRUE. np_rivers
rrun_rp River routing gridbox runoff rate received by river routing routine (kg m-2 s-1). Only available if l_rivers = TRUE. np_rivers
rrun_surf_rp River routing gridbox surface runoff rate received by river routing routine (kg m-2 s-1). Only available if l_rivers = TRUE. np_rivers
rrun_sub_surf_rp River routing gridbox sub-surface runoff rate received by river routing routine (kg m-2 s-1). Only available if l_rivers = TRUE. np_rivers
rfm_surfstore_rp Surface storage on river points (m3). Only available if l_rivers = TRUE and i_river_vn = 2. np_rivers
rfm_substore_rp Sub-surface storage on river points (m3). Only available if l_rivers = TRUE and i_river_vn = 2. np_rivers
rfm_flowin_rp Surface inflow on river points (m3 s-1). Only available if l_rivers = TRUE and i_river_vn = 2. np_rivers
rfm_bflowin_rp Sub-surface inflow on river points (m3 s-1). Only available if l_rivers = TRUE and i_river_vn = 2. np_rivers
rivers_sto_rp River routing gridbox river storage (kg) Only available if l_rivers = TRUE and i_river_vn = 3. np_rivers
frac_fplain_rp Overbank inundation area as a fraction of river routing gridcell area. Only available if l_riv_overbank = TRUE. np_rivers
Output regridded to the JULES model grid
rflow Gridbox river flow rate (kg m-2 s-1). Only available if l_rivers = TRUE.  
rrun Gridbox runoff rate received by river routing routine (kg m-2 s-1). Only available if l_rivers = TRUE  
frac_fplain_lp Overbank inundation area as a fraction of gridcell area. Only available if l_riv_overbank = TRUE.  

9.7. Snow

Name Description Dimensions
Snow state
snow_mass Tile lying snow (total) (kg m-2). nsurft
snow_mass_gb Gridbox snowmass (kg m-2). land+sea
snow_depth Tile snow depth (m). nsurft
snow_depth_gb Gridbox depth of snow (m).  
snow_can Tile snow on canopy (kg m-2). nsurft
snow_can_gb Gridbox snow on canopy (kg m-2).  
snow_ground Tile snow on ground (snow_tile or snow_grnd depending on configuration) (kg m-2). nsurft
snow_grnd_gb Gridbox average snow beneath canopy (snow_grnd) (kg m-2).  
snow_grnd Tile snow on ground below canopy (kg m-2). nsurft
snow_grnd_rho Tile bulk density of snow on ground (kg m-3). nsurft
snow_frac Gridbox snow-covered fraction of land points (-).  
snow_ice_tile Tile total frozen mass in snow on ground (kg m-2). Only available if nsmax > 0. nsurft
snow_ice_gb Gridbox frozen water in snowpack (kg m-2). Only available if nsmax > 0.  
snow_liq_tile Tile total liquid mass in snow on ground (kg m-2). Only available if nsmax > 0. nsurft
snow_liq_gb Gridbox liquid water in snowpack (kg m-2). Only available if nsmax > 0.  
nsnow Tile number of snow layers (-). nsurft
rgrain Tile snow surface grain size (μm). nsurft
Snow layer variables
snow_ds Depth of each snow layer for each tile (m). Only available if nsmax > 0. nsurft,nsmax
snow_ice Mass of ice in each snow layer for each tile (kg m-2). Only available if nsmax > 0. nsurft,nsmax
snow_liq Mass of liquid water in each snow layer for each tile (kg m-2). Only available if nsmax > 0. nsurft,nsmax
tsnow Temperature of each snow layer (K). Only available if nsmax > 0. nsurft,nsmax
rgrainl Grain size in snow layers for each tile (μm). Only available if nsmax > 0. nsurft,nsmax
Snow fluxes and rates of change
snow_melt Tile snow melt rate (melt_tile) (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
snow_melt_gb Gridbox rate of snowmelt (kg m-2 s-1).  
snow_can_melt Tile melt of snow on canopy (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
snice_freez_surft Tile internal refreezing rate in snowpack (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
snice_m_surft Tile total internal melt rate of snowpack (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
snice_runoff_surft Tile net rate of liquid leaving snowpack on tiles (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
snice_sicerate_surft Tile rate of change of solid mass in snowpack (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
snice_sliqrate_surft Tile rate of change of liquid in snowpack (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
snice_smb_surft Tile rate of change of snowpack mass (kg m-2 s-1). nsurft
snow_soil_htf Tile downward heat flux after snowpack to subsurface” (W m-2). nsurft

9.12. Fire

Name Description Dimensions
Fire indices
fire_mcarthur McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index (No units)  
fire_canadian Canadian Fire Weather Index (No units).  
fire_canadian_ffmc Canadian Fire Weather Index- Fine Fuel Moisture Code (No units).  
fire_canadian_dmc Canadian Fire Weather Index- Duff Moisture Code (No units).  
fire_canadian_dc Canadian Fire Weather Index- Drought Code (No units).  
fire_canadian_isi Canadian Fire Weather Index- Initial Spread Index (No units).  
fire_canadian_bui Canadian Fire Weather Index- Build-up Index (No units).  
fire_nesterov Nesterov Fire Index (No units).  
Burnt area
burnt_area PFT burnt area fraction (s-1). npft
burnt_area_gb Gridbox mean burnt area fraction (s-1).  
Fire emissions
emitted_carbon PFT emitted carbon flux (kg m-2 s-1). npft
emitted_carbon_gb Gridbox mean emitted carbon flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
emitted_carbon_DPM Decomposable Plant Material emitted carbon flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
emitted_carbon_RPM Resistant Plant Material emitted carbon flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_CO2_gb Gridbox mean fire CO2 emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_CO2_DPM Decomposable Plant Material fire CO2 emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_CO2_RPM Resistant Plant Material fire CO2 emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_CO_gb Gridbox mean fire CO emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_CO_DPM Decomposable Plant Material fire CO emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_CO_RPM Resistant Plant Material fire CO emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_CH4_gb Gridbox mean fire CH4 emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_CH4_DPM Decomposable Plant Material fire CH4 emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_CH4_RPM Resistant Plant Material fire CH4 emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_NOx_gb Gridbox mean fire NOx emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_NOx_DPM Decomposable Plant Material fire NOx emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_NOx_RPM Resistant Plant Material fire NOx emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_SO2_gb Gridbox mean fire SO2 emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_SO2_DPM Decomposable Plant Material fire SO2 emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_SO2_RPM Resistant Plant Material fire SO2 emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_OC_gb Gridbox mean fire OC emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_OC_DPM Decomposable Plant Material fire OC emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_OC_RPM Resistant Plant Material fire OC emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_BC_gb Gridbox mean fire BC emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_BC_DPM Decomposable Plant Material fire BC emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_BC_RPM Resistant Plant Material fire BC emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
fire_em_CO2 PFT fire CO2 emission flux (kg m-2 s-1). npft
fire_em_CO PFT fire CO emission flux (kg m-2 s-1). npft
fire_em_CH4 PFT fire CH4 emission flux (kg m-2 s-1). npft
fire_em_NOx PFT fire NOx emission flux (kg m-2 s-1). npft
fire_em_SO2 PFT fire SO2 emission flux (kg m-2 s-1). npft
fire_em_OC PFT fire OC emission flux (kg m-2 s-1). npft
fire_em_BC PFT fire BC emission flux (kg m-2 s-1). npft

9.13. Crops

These variables are only available when ncpft > 0.

Name Description Dimensions
croplai Crop PFT leaf area index (LAI). ncpft
cropcanht Crop PFT canopy height (m). ncpft
cropleafc Crop PFT carbon in leaf parts (kg m-2). ncpft
cropstemc Crop PFT carbon in stem parts (kg m-2). ncpft
croprootc Crop PFT root carbon pool (kg m-2). ncpft
cropreservec Crop PFT carbon in stem reserve pool (kg m-2). ncpft
cropharvc Crop PFT carbon in harvested parts (kg m-2). ncpft
cropyield

Crop PFT yield carbon (kg m-2).

cropyield is zero in every timestep where there is no harvest, so this variable will mostly be used with output_type set to ‘A’ or ‘X’.

ncpft
cropdvi Crop PFT developmental index (DVI). ncpft
cropsowdate

PFT sowing date (1.0 to 365.0).

If l_prescsow = FALSE then this will always be 0.

ncpft
harvest_counter

1 in a timestep where crop is harvested, 0 otherwise.

When used with output_type = ‘A’, will count the number of harvests since the beginning of the run.

ncpft
harvest_trigger

Indicates which condition triggered the harvest:

  1. No harvest in timestep.
  2. Crop reached maturity (DVI=2).
  3. Crop leaf area index became too high (LAI>15).
  4. Crop has flowered (DVI>1) and temperature in the second soil layer dropped below t_mort_io.
  5. Crop has flowered (DVI>1), cropharvc > 0 and (croprootc + cropleafc + cropstemc + cropreservec) < initial_carbon_io.
  6. l_prescsow = T, crop has emerged (DVI>=0), and the day of year is the day before the sowing date.
ncpft

9.14. Trace gas concentrations and fluxes

Name Description Dimensions
co2_mmr Concentration of atmospheric CO2, expressed as a mass mixing ratio.  
flux_o3_stom PFT flux of O3 to stomata (nmol m-2 s-1). npft
o3_exp_fac PFT ozone exposure factor. npft
acetone PFT monoterpene emission flux (kg m-2 s-1). npft
acetone_gb Gridbox mean monoterpene emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
isoprene PFT isoprene emission flux (kg m-2 s-1). npft
isoprene_gb Gridbox mean isoprene emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
methanol PFT methanol emission flux (kg m-2 s-1). npft
methanol_gb Gridbox mean methanol emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  
terpene PFT monoterpene emission flux (kg m-2 s-1). npft
terpene_gb Gridbox mean monoterpene emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).  

9.15. Water resources

Name Description Dimensions
water_demand Demand for water across all water resource sectors (kg). Only available if l_water_resources = TRUE.  
demand_domestic Demand for water for domestic use (kg). Only available if l_water_domestic = TRUE.  
demand_environment Demand for water for environmental use (kg). Only available if l_water_environment = TRUE.  
demand_industry Demand for water for industrial use (kg). Only available if l_water_industry = TRUE.  
demand_irrigation Demand for water for irrigation (kg). Only available if l_water_irrigation = TRUE.  
demand_livestock Demand for water for livestock use (kg). Only available if l_water_livestock = TRUE.  
demand_transfers Demand for water for transfers (kg). Only available if l_water_transfers = TRUE.  
demand_rate_domestic Demand rate for water for domestic use (kg s-1). Only available if l_water_irrigation = TRUE.  
demand_rate_industry Demand rate for water for industrial use (kg s-1). Only available if l_water_industry = TRUE.  
demand_rate_livestock Demand rate for water for livestock use (kg s-1). Only available if l_water_livestock = TRUE.  
demand_rate_transfers Demand rate for water for transfers (kg s-1). Only available if l_water_transfers = TRUE.  
irrig_water Water applied as irrigation (kg m-2 s-1). Only available if l_irrig_dmd = TRUE.  

9.16. Urban

Name Description Dimensions
wrr Urban morphology: Repeating width ratio (or canyon fraction, W/R). Calculated if l_urban_empirical = TRUE, otherwise it will be the same as the input value (see List of urban properties).  
hwr Urban morphology: Height-to-width ratio (H/W). See for wrr above. Only used by MORUSES.  
hgt Urban morphology: Building height (H). See for wrr above. Only used by MORUSES.  

9.17. IMOGEN

Name Description Dimensions
c_emiss_out Prescribed carbon emissions in IMOGEN (Gt / year). This is a global value repeated over all land points and is only available when IMOGEN is switched on.  
d_land_atmos_co2 Change in atmospheric CO2 concentration from land-atmosphere. CO2 feedbacks in IMOGEN (ppm / year). This is a global value repeated over all land points and is only available when IMOGEN is switched on.  
d_ocean_atmos Change in atmospheric CO2 concentration from ocean-atmosphere CO2 feedbacks in IMOGEN (ppm / year). This is a global value repeated over all land points and is only available when IMOGEN is switched on.  

9.18. Grid and indexing variables

Name Description Dimensions
grid_area Gridbox surface area (m2). Only available if l_water_irrigation = TRUE. land+sea
grid_area_rp River routing gridbox surface area (m2). Only available if l_rivers = TRUE. Note that this is defined on the river routing model grid, not on the land point grid. np_rivers
land_index Index (gridbox number) of land points.  
lice_index Index (gridbox number) of land ice points.  
soil_index Index (gridbox number) of soil points.  
tile_index Index (gridbox number) of land points with each surface type. ntype