6.23. `pft_params.nml`¶

This file sets the time and space-invariant parameters for plant functional types for the JULES land surface model. It contains one namelist called JULES_PFTPARM.

Note

If the crop model is on (i.e. ncpft > 0), the order of PFTs must be natural PFTs followed by crop PFTs.

6.23.1. `JULES_PFTPARM` namelist members¶

This namelist reads the values of parameters for each of the plant functional types (PFTs) if the JULES land surface model is being used. These parameters are a function of PFT only. Parameters that also vary with time and location can be prescribed in prescribed_data.nml. Parameters that are only required if the dynamic vegetation (TRIFFID) or phenology sections are requested are read separately in triffid_params.nml. Every member must be given a value for every run.

HCTN24 and 30 refer to Hadley Centre technical notes 24 and 30, available from the Met Office Library. For ease the direct links to these documents are:

JULES_PFTPARM::canht_ft_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

The height of each PFT (m), also known as the canopy height.

The value read here is only used if TRIFFID is not active (l_triffid = FALSE).

Note

If TRIFFID is active, canopy height is a prognostic variable and its initial value is read in initial_conditions.nml.

JULES_PFTPARM::lai_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

The leaf area index (LAI) of each PFT.

The value read here is only used if neither phenology nor TRIFFID is active (l_phenol = FALSE and l_triffid = FALSE).

Note

If phenology is active, LAI is a prognostic variable and its initial value is read in initial_conditions.nml. When TRIFFID is active but phenology is not active (not recommended), LAI is calculated from the canopy height (meaning that the seasonal cycle of LAI will not be correctly represented).

JULES_PFTPARM::c3_io¶

Type:	integer(npft)
Default:	None

Flag indicating whether PFT is C3 type.

Not C3 (i.e. C4).
C3.

JULES_PFTPARM::orient_io¶

Type:	integer(npft)
Default:	None

Flag indicating leaf angle distribution.

Spherical.
Horizontal.

JULES_PFTPARM::can_struct_a_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Canopy structure factor (dimensionless). can_struct_a_io=1.0 indicates a structurally homogeneous canopy. Corresponds to the structure factor Zeta in Pinty et al 2006 except assumed not to vary with zenith angle i.e. b=0. The canopy structure factor has no effect if can_rad_mod = 1.

JULES_PFTPARM::a_wl_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Allometric coefficient relating the target woody biomass to the leaf area index (kg carbon m^-2) (Clark et al., 2011; Table 7)

JULES_PFTPARM::a_ws_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Woody biomass as a multiple of live stem biomass (Clark et al., 2011; Table 7).

JULES_PFTPARM::albsnc_max_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Snow-covered albedo for large leaf area index.

Only used if l_snow_albedo = FALSE. See HCTN30 Eq.2.

JULES_PFTPARM::albsnc_min_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Snow-covered albedo for zero leaf area index.

Only used if l_snow_albedo = FALSE. See HCTN30 Eq.2.

JULES_PFTPARM::albsnf_max_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Snow-free albedo for large LAI.

Only used if l_spec_albedo = FALSE. See HCTN30 Eq.1.

JULES_PFTPARM::albsnf_maxu_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Upper bound for the snow-free albedo for large LAI, when scaled to match input obs.

Only used if l_spec_albedo = FALSE and l_albedo_obs = TRUE.

JULES_PFTPARM::albsnf_maxl_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Lower bound for the snow-free albedo for large LAI, when scaled to match input obs.

Only used if l_spec_albedo = FALSE and l_albedo_obs = TRUE.

JULES_PFTPARM::alpha_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Quantum efficiency of photosynthesis (mol CO₂ per mol PAR photons).

JULES_PFTPARM::alnir_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Leaf reflection coefficient for NIR. See HCTN30 Table 3.

Always used unless can_rad_mod = 1 and l_spec_albedo = FALSE.

JULES_PFTPARM::alniru_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Upper limit for the leaf reflection coefficient for NIR, when l_albedo_obs = TRUE and when alnir_io is used.

JULES_PFTPARM::alnirl_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Lower limit for the leaf reflection coefficient for NIR, when l_albedo_obs = TRUE and when alnir_io is used.

JULES_PFTPARM::alpar_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Leaf reflection coefficient for VIS (photosyntehtically active radiation). See HCTN30 Table 3.

Always used unless can_rad_mod = 1 and l_spec_albedo = FALSE.

JULES_PFTPARM::alparu_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Upper limit for the leaf reflection coefficient for VIS, when l_albedo_obs = TRUE and when alpar_io is used.

JULES_PFTPARM::alparl_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Lower limit for the leaf reflection coefficient for VIS, when l_albedo_obs = TRUE and when alpar_io is used.

JULES_PFTPARM::b_wl_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Allometric exponent relating the target woody biomass to the leaf area index. This is 5/3 in HCTN24 Eq.8. See also Clark et al. (2011, Table 7).

JULES_PFTPARM::catch0_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Minimum canopy capacity (kg m^-2).

This is the minimum amount of water that can be held on the canopy. See HCTN30 p7.

JULES_PFTPARM::dcatch_dlai_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Rate of change of canopy capacity with LAI (kg m^-2).

Canopy capacity is calculated as catch0 + dcatch_dlai*lai. See HCTN30 p7.

JULES_PFTPARM::dgl_dm_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Rate of change of leaf turnover rate with moisture availability.

JULES_PFTPARM::dgl_dt_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Rate of change of leaf turnover rate with temperature (K^-1).

This is 9 in HCTN24 Eq.10.

JULES_PFTPARM::dqcrit_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Critical humidity deficit (kg H₂O per kg air).

Only used with the Jacobs model of stomatal conductance (stomata_model = 1).

JULES_PFTPARM::dz0v_dh_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Rate of change of vegetation roughness length for momentum with height.

Roughness length is calculated as dz0v_dh * canht_ft. See HCTN30 p5.

Used if logical l_spec_veg_z0 is set to .false.

JULES_PFTPARM::z0v_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Specified values for the vegetation roughness length for momentum.

Used if logical l_spec_veg_z0 is set to .true.

JULES_PFTPARM::eta_sl_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Live stemwood coefficient (kg C/m/(m2 leaf)) (Clark et al., 2011; Table 7).

JULES_PFTPARM::fd_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Scale factor for dark respiration. See HCTN 24 Eq. 56.

JULES_PFTPARM::fsmc_of_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Moisture availability below which leaves are dropped.

JULES_PFTPARM::f0_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

CI / CA for DQ = 0. See HCTN 24 Eq. 32.

Only used with the Jacobs model of stomatal conductance (stomata_model = 1).

JULES_PFTPARM::g1_stomata_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Parameter g1 for the Medlyn et al. (2011) model of stomatal conductance (kPa^0.5) - this is the sensitivity of the stomatal conductance to the assimilation rate. See Eqn.11 in Medlyn et al. (2012), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02790.x.

Only used with the Medlyn model of stomatal conductance (stomata_model = 2).

JULES_PFTPARM::g_leaf_0_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Minimum turnover rate for leaves (/360days).

JULES_PFTPARM::glmin_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Minimum leaf conductance for H₂O (m s^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::infil_f_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Infiltration enhancement factor.

The maximum infiltration rate defined by the soil parameters for the whole gridbox may be modified for each PFT to account for PFT-dependent factors, such as macro-pores related to vegetation roots.

See HCTN30 p14 for full details.

JULES_PFTPARM::gsoil_f_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Soil conductance enhancement factor.

The soil conductance for soil under a PFT canopy may be modified for each PFT (as compared to the bare soil conductance) to account for PFT-dependent factors.

JULES_PFTPARM::hw_sw_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Ratio of N stem to N heartwood (kgN/kgN) from the TRY database.

Only used if l_trait_phys = T.

JULES_PFTPARM::kext_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Light extinction coefficient - used with Beer’s Law for light absorption through plant canopies. See HCTN30 Eq.3.

JULES_PFTPARM::kpar_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

PAR Extinction coefficient (m² leaf / m² ground).

JULES_PFTPARM::lai_alb_lim_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Minimum LAI permitted in calculation of the albedo in snow-free conditions.

JULES_PFTPARM::neff_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Scale factor relating V_cmax with leaf nitrogen concentration. See HCTN 24 Eq. 51.

Only used if l_trait_phys = F.

JULES_PFTPARM::nl0_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Top leaf nitrogen concentration (kg N/kg C).

Only used if l_trait_phys = F.

JULES_PFTPARM::nr_nl_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Ratio of root nitrogen concentration to leaf nitrogen concentration.

JULES_PFTPARM::nr_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Root nitrogen concentration (kgN/kgC). Only used if l_trait_phys = T.

JULES_PFTPARM::ns_nl_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Ratio of stem nitrogen concentration to leaf nitrogen concentration.

JULES_PFTPARM::nsw_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Stemwood nitrogen concentration (kgN/kgC). Only used if l_trait_phys = T.

JULES_PFTPARM::hw_sw_io

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Ratio of Heartwood to Stemwood Nitrogen Concentration (typically 0.5) Only used if l_trait_phys = T.

JULES_PFTPARM::omega_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Leaf scattering coefficient for PAR.

Always used unless can_rad_mod = 1 and l_spec_albedo = FALSE.

JULES_PFTPARM::omegau_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Upper limit for the leaf scattering coefficient for PAR, when l_albedo_obs = TRUE and when omega_io is used.

JULES_PFTPARM::omegal_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Lower limit for the leaf scattering coefficient for PAR, when l_albedo_obs = TRUE and when omega_io is used.

JULES_PFTPARM::omnir_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Leaf scattering coefficient for NIR.

Always used unless can_rad_mod = 1 and l_spec_albedo = FALSE.

JULES_PFTPARM::omniru_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Upper limit for the leaf scattering coefficient for NIR, when l_albedo_obs = TRUE and when omnir_io is used.

JULES_PFTPARM::omnirl_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Lower limit for the leaf scattering coefficient for NIR, when l_albedo_obs = TRUE and when omnir_io is used.

JULES_PFTPARM::r_grow_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Growth respiration fraction.

JULES_PFTPARM::fsmc_mod_io¶

Type:	integer(npft)
Default:	None

Switch for method of weighting the contribution that different soil layers make to the soil moisture availability factor fsmc.

(recommended) Calculate fsmc in each soil layer and take a weighted average, using the fraction of roots in each layer as weights. Root distribution e-folding depth is given by rootd_ft_io.
Calculate fsmc using average properties for the root zone. Depth of root zone is given by rootd_ft_io. This is not currently allowed if layered soil C (l_layeredc = TRUE) and the RothC model are selected (soil_bgc_model = 2) because of unplanned effects on litter inputs.

JULES_PFTPARM::psi_open_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Soil potential above which the soil moisture stress factor on vegetation (fsmc) is one. Unit: Pa. Allowed range: must be negative. Only used if l_use_pft_psi = T.

JULES_PFTPARM::psi_close_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Soil potential below which the soil moisture stress factor on vegetation (fsmc) is zero. Unit: Pa. Allowed range: must be negative. Only used if l_use_pft_psi = T.

JULES_PFTPARM::rootd_ft_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Parameter determining the root depth (m).

If fsmc_mod_io = 0, an exponential root distribution with depth is assumed, with e-folding depth rootd_ft (see HCTN30 Eq.32). Note that this means that generally some of the roots exist at depths greater than rootd_ft. If fsmc_mod_io = 1, rootd_ft is the total depth of the root zone.

JULES_PFTPARM::fsmc_p0_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Pft-dependent parameter governing the threshold at which the plant starts to experience water stress due to lack of water in the soil. Only used if l_use_pft_psi = F. The volumetric soil moisture content (m³ water per m³ soil) at which the plant starts to become water stressed is sm_wilt+(sm_crit-sm_wilt)*(1-fsmc_p0) (see JULES_SOIL_PROPS for a description of sm_wilt and sm_crit).

JULES_PFTPARM::sigl_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Specific density of leaf carbon (kg C/m² leaf) (Clark et al., 2011; Table 7).

Only used if l_trait_phys = F.

JULES_PFTPARM::tleaf_of_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Temperature below which leaves are dropped (K).

JULES_PFTPARM::tlow_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Lower temperature parameter for photosynthesis (deg C), for the Collatz model of leaf photosynthesis.

Always used for C₄ plants. Only used for C₃ plants with the Collatz model of leaf photosynthesis (photo_model = 1).

JULES_PFTPARM::tupp_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Upper temperature parameter for photosynthesis (deg C), for the Collatz model of leaf photosynthesis.

Always used for C₄ plants. Only used for C₃ plants with the Collatz model of leaf photosynthesis (photo_model = 1).

JULES_PFTPARM::emis_pft_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Surface emissivity of vegetated surfaces.

JULES_PFTPARM::z0hm_pft_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Ratio of the roughness length for heat to the roughness length for momentum.

This is generally assumed to be 0.1. See HCTN30 p6. Note that this is the ratio of the roughness length for heat to that for momentum. It does not alter the roughness length for momentum, which is calculated using canht_ft_io and dz0v_dh_io.

JULES_PFTPARM::z0hm_classic_pft_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Ratio of the roughness length for heat to the roughness length for momentum for the CLASSIC aerosol scheme only.

Note

This makes no difference to the model when running standalone, and is only required to keep the standalone and UM interfaces consistent.

JULES_PFTPARM::fl_o3_ct_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Critical flux of O3 to vegetation (nmol m^-2 s^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::dfp_dcuo_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Plant type specific O3 sensitivity parameter (nmol^-1 m² s).

JULES_PFTPARM::ief_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Isoprene Emission Factor (μg g^-1 h^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::tef_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Monoterpene Emission Factor (μg g^-1 h^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::mef_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Methanol Emission Factor (μg g^-1 h^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::aef_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Acetone Emission Factor (μg g^-1 h^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::ci_st_io¶

Tybe:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Leaf-internal CO₂concentration at standard conditions (Pa),

Note

Standard conditions are: T = 303.15K, p = 1013.25 hPa, atmospheric CO₂ = 370 ppmv, PAR = 1000 μmol m^-2 s^-1.

JULES_PFTPARM::gpp_st_io¶

Tybe:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Gross primary production (GPP) at standard conditions (kgC m^-2 s^-1),

Note

Standard conditions are: T = 303.15K, p = 1013.25 hPa, atmospheric CO₂ = 370 ppmv, PAR = 1000 μmol m^-2 s^-1.

JULES_PFTPARM::nmass_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Top leaf nitrogen content per unit mass (kgN kgLeaf^-1).

Only used if l_trait_phys = T.

JULES_PFTPARM::lma_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Leaf mass per unit area (kgLeaf m^-2).

Only used if l_trait_phys = T.

JULES_PFTPARM::vint_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

There is a linear relationship between Vcmax and Narea. Previously Vcmax was calculated as the product of nl0 and neff.

This is now replaced by a linear regression based on data reported in Kattge et al. 2009. Vint is the y-intercept, vsl is the slope.

Units: μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1.

Only used if l_trait_phys = T.

JULES_PFTPARM::vsl_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Slope in the linear regression between Vcmax and Narea.

Units: μmol CO₂ gN^-1 s^-1.

Only used if l_trait_phys = T.

JULES_PFTPARM::kn_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None.

Parameter for decay of nitrogen through the canopy, as a function of layers. Only used if can_rad_mod = 4 or 5.

JULES_PFTPARM::knl_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None.

Parameter for decay of nitrogen through the canopy, as a function of LAI. Only used if can_rad_mod = 6.

JULES_PFTPARM::q10_leaf_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None.

Q10 factor for plant respiration.

See Cox et al. (1999) Eq. 66.

Note

Was previously a single parameter but now can have PFT-dependent values.

JULES_PFTPARM::fef_co2_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Fire CO₂ Emission Factor (g kg^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::fef_co_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Fire CO Emission Factor (g kg^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::fef_ch4_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Fire CH₄ Emission Factor (g kg^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::fef_nox_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Fire NOx Emission Factor (g kg^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::fef_so2_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Fire SO₂ Emission Factor (g kg^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::fef_oc_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Fire OC Emission Factor (g kg^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::fef_bc_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Fire BC Emission Factor (g kg^-1).

JULES_PFTPARM::ccleaf_min_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Leaf minimum combustion completeness.

JULES_PFTPARM::ccleaf_max_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Leaf maximum combustion completeness.

JULES_PFTPARM::ccwood_min_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Wood minimum combustion completeness.

JULES_PFTPARM::ccwood_max_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Wood maximum combustion completeness.

JULES_PFTPARM::avg_ba_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Average PFT Burnt Area per fire (m²).

JULES_PFTPARM::fire_mort_io¶

Type:	real(npft)
Default:	None

Scaling factor for vegetation mortality caused by fire (from INFERNO burned area). Can be varied between 0.0 (no morality) and 1.0 (100% mortality) for each PFT.

6.23. `pft_params.nml`¶

6.23.1. `JULES_PFTPARM` namelist members¶

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6.23. pft_params.nml¶

6.23.1. JULES_PFTPARM namelist members¶

6.23. `pft_params.nml`¶

6.23.1. `JULES_PFTPARM` namelist members¶