10. JULES Output variables

Variables that are available for output from JULES are listed in this section, separated according to their type.

The ‘Captured’ column indicates whether that variable is captured at the start or end of the timestep (see JULES output).

Note

All output is on the full model grid (even for variables defined on land points only).

Any points on the grid for which a variable is not defined with be filled with a missing data value.

10.1. Variables that have a single value at each gridpoint (land and sea)

Name	Description	Captured
con_rain	Gridbox convective rainfall (kg m-2 s-1).	End
con_snow	Gridbox convective snowfall (kg m-2 s-1).	End
cosz	Cosine of the zenith angle (-).	Start
diff_frac	Gridbox fraction of radiation that is diffuse (-).	Start
ecan_gb	Gridbox mean evaporation from canopy/surface store (kg m-2 s-1).	End
ei_gb	Gridbox sublimation from lying snow or sea-ice (kg m-2 s-1).	End
esoil_gb	Gridbox surface evapotranspiration from soil moisture store (kg m-2 s-1).	End
fqw_gb	Gridbox moisture flux from surface (kg m-2 s-1).	End
ftl_gb	Gridbox surface sensible heat flux (W m-2).	End
land_albedo_1	Gridbox albedo for waveband 1 (direct beam visible).	End
land_albedo_2	Gridbox albedo for waveband 2 (diffuse visible).	End
land_albedo_3	Gridbox albedo for waveband 3 (direct beam NIR).	End
land_albedo_4	Gridbox albedo for waveband 4 (diffuse NIR).	End
latent_heat	Gridbox surface latent heat flux (W m-2).	End
ls_rain	Gridbox large-scale rainfall (kg m-2 s-1).	End
ls_snow	Gridbox large-scale snowfall (kg m-2 s-1).	End
lw_down	Gridbox surface downward LW radiation (W m-2).	End
precip	Gridbox precipitation rate (kg m-2 s-1).	End
pstar	Gridbox surface pressure (Pa).	Start
q1p5m_gb	Gridbox specific humidity at 1.5m height (kg kg-1).	End
qw1	Gridbox specific humidity (total water content) (kg kg-1).	Start
rainfall	Gridbox rainfall rate (kg m-2 s-1).	End
snomlt_surf_htf	Gridbox heat flux used for surface melting of snow (W m-2).	End
snowfall	Gridbox snowfall rate (kg m-2 s-1).	End
snow_mass_gb	Gridbox snowmass (kg m-2).	Start
surf_ht_flux_gb	Gridbox net downward heat flux at surface over land and sea-ice fraction of gridbox (W m-2).	End
sw_down	Gridbox surface downward SW radiation (W m-2).	End
t1p5m_gb	Gridbox temperature at 1.5m height (K).	End
taux1	Gridbox westerly component of surface wind stress (N m-2).	End
tauy1	Gridbox southerly component of surface wind stress (N m-2).	End
tl1	Gridbox ice/liquid water temperature (K).	Start
tstar_gb	Gridbox surface temperature (K).	Start
u1	Gridbox westerly wind component (m s-1).	Start
u10m	Gridbox westerly wind component at 10 m height (m s-1).	End
v1	Gridbox southerly wind component (m s-1).	Start
v10m	Gridbox southerly wind component at 10m height (m s-1).	End
wind	Gridbox wind speed (m s-1).	Start

10.2. Variables that have a single value at each land gridpoint

Name	Description	Captured
albedo_land	Gridbox albedo (as used to calculate net shortwave radiation) (-).	End
canopy_gb	Gridbox canopy water content (kg m-2).	Start
cs_gb	Gridbox total soil carbon (kg C m-2).	Start
cv	Gridbox mean vegetation carbon at end of model timestep (kg C m-2).	End
depth_frozen	Gridbox depth of frozen ground at surface (m).	Start
depth_unfrozen	Gridbox depth of unfrozen ground at surface (m).	Start
drain	Gridbox drainage at bottom of soil column (kg m-2 s-1).	End
elake	Gridbox mean evaporation from lakes (kg m-2 s-1).	End
emis_gb	Gridbox emissivity.	End
fch4_wetl	Gridbox scaled methane flux from wetland fraction (10-9 kg C m-2 s-1).	End
fsat	Gridbox surface saturated fraction (-).	Start
fsmc_gb	Gridbox soil moisture availability factor (beta) (-).	End
fwetl	Gridbox wetland fraction at end of model timestep (-).	End
gpp_gb	Gridbox gross primary productivity (kg C m-2 s-1).	End
gs	Gridbox surface conductance to evaporation (m s-1).	End
hf_snow_melt	Gridbox snowmelt heat flux (W m-2).	End
land_index	Index (gridbox number) of land points.	Start
lice_index	Index (gridbox number) of land ice points.	Start
lit_c_mean	Gridbox mean carbon litter (kg C m-2 (360days)-1).	Start
lw_net	Gridbox surface net LW radiation (W m-2).	End
lw_up	Gridbox surface upward LW radiation (W m-2).	End
npp_gb	Gridbox net primary productivity (kg C m-2 s-1).	End
qbase	Gridbox baseflow (lateral subsurface runoff) (kg m-2 s-1).	End
qbase_zw	Gridbox baseflow (lateral subsurface runoff) from deep layer (kg m-2 s-1).	End
rad_net	Surface net radiation (W m-2).	End
resp_p_gb	Gridbox plant respiration (kg C m-2 s-1).	End
resp_s_gb	Gridbox total soil respiration (kg C m-2 s-1).	End
resp_s_dr_out	Gridbox mean soil respiration for driving TRIFFID (kg C m-2 (360days)-1).	End
runoff	Gridbox runoff rate (kg m-2 s-1).	End
sat_excess_roff	Gridbox saturation excess runoff rate (kg m-2 s-1).	End
smc_avail_top	Gridbox available moisture in surface layer of depth given by zsmc (kg m-2).	Start
smc_avail_tot	Gridbox available moisture in soil column (kg m-2).	Start
smc_tot	Gridbox total soil moisture in column (kg m-2).	Start
snomlt_sub_htf	Gridbox sub-canopy snowmelt heat flux (W m-2).	End
snow_can_gb	Gridbox snow on canopy (kg m-2).	Start
snow_depth_gb	Gridbox depth of snow (m).	Start
snow_frac	Gridbox snow-covered fraction of land points (-).	Start
snow_grnd_gb	Gridbox average snow beneath canopy (snow_grnd) (kg m-2).	Start
snow_ice_gb	Gridbox frozen water in snowpack (kg m-2). Only available if nsmax > 0.	Start
snow_liq_gb	Gridbox liquid water in snowpack (kg m-2). Only available if nsmax > 0.	Start
snow_melt_gb	Gridbox rate of snowmelt (kg m-2 s-1).	End
soil_index	Index (gridbox number) of soil points.	Start
sthzw	Soil wetness in the deep (water table) layer (-).	Start
sub_surf_roff	Gridbox sub-surface runoff (kg m-2 s-1).	End
surf_roff	Gridbox surface runoff (kg m-2 s-1).	End
swet_liq_tot	Gridbox unfrozen soil moisture as fraction of saturation (-).	Start
swet_tot	Gridbox soil moisture as fraction of saturation (-).	Start
sw_net	Gribox net shortwave radiation at the surface (W m-2).	End
tfall	Gridbox throughfall (kg m-2 s-1).	End
trad	Gridbox effective radiative temperature (K).	Start
zw	Gridbox mean depth to water table (m).	Start
isoprene_gb	Gridbox mean isoprene emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).	End
terpene_gb	Gridbox mean monoterpene emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).	End
methanol_gb	Gridbox mean methanol emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).	End
acetone_gb	Gridbox mean monoterpene emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).	End

10.3. Variables that have a value for each PFT at each land gridpoint

Name	Description	Captured
c_veg	PFT total carbon content of the vegetation at end of model timestep (kg C m-2).	End
canht	PFT canopy height (m).	Start
flux_o3_stom	PFT flux of O3 to stomata (mol m-2 s-1).	End
fsmc	PFT soil moisture availability factor (-).	Start
g_leaf	PFT leaf turnover rate ([360days]-1).	End
g_leaf_day	PFT mean leaf turnover rate for input to PHENOL ([360days]-1).	End
g_leaf_dr_out	PFT mean leaf turnover rate for driving TRIFFID ([360days]-1).	End
g_leaf_phen	PFT mean leaf turnover rate over phenology period([360days]-1).	End
gpp	PFT gross primary productivity (kg C m-2 s-1).	End
lai	PFT leaf area index (-).	End
lai_phen	PFT leaf area index after phenology (-).	End
lit_c	PFT carbon litter (kg C m-2 (360days)-1).	End
npp_dr_out	PFT mean NPP for driving TRIFFID (kg C m-2 (360days)-1).	End
npp	PFT net primary productivity (kg C m-2 s-1).	End
o3_exp_fac	PFT ozone exposure factor.	End
resp_p	PFT plant respiration (kg C m-2 s-1).	End
resp_w_dr_out	PFT mean wood respiration for driving TRIFFID (kg C m-2 (360days)-1).	End
resp_w	PFT wood respiration (kg C m-2 s-1).	End
isoprene	PFT isoprene emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).	End
terpene	PFT monoterpene emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).	End
methanol	PFT methanol emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).	End
acetone	PFT monoterpene emission flux (kg m-2 s-1).	End

10.4. Variables that have a value for each tile at each land gridpoint

Name	Description	Captured
alb_tile_1	Tile land albedo, waveband 1 (direct beam visible).	End
alb_tile_2	Tile land albedo, waveband 2 (diffuse visible).	End
alb_tile_3	Tile land albedo, waveband 3 (direct beam NIR).	End
alb_tile_4	Tile land albedo, waveband 4 (diffuse NIR).	End
anthrop_heat	Anthropogenic heat flux for each tile (W m-2).	End
canopy	Tile surface/canopy water for snow-free land tiles (kg m-2).	Start
catch	Tile surface/canopy water capacity of snow-free land tiles (kg m-2).	Start
ecan	Tile evaporation from canopy/surface store for snow-free land tiles (kg m-2 s-1).	End
ei	Tile sublimation from lying snow for land tiles (kg m-2 s-1).	End
emis	Tile emissivity.	End
esoil	Tile surface evapotranspiration from soil moisture store for snow-free land tile (kg m-2 s-1).	End
fqw	Tile surface moisture flux for land tiles (kg m-2 s-1).	End
ftl	Tile surface sensible heat flux for land tiles (W m-2).	End
gc	Tile surface conductance to evaporation for land tiles(m s-1).	End
le	Tile surface latent heat flux for land tiles (W m-2).	End
nsnow	Tile number of snow layers (-).	Start
q1p5m	Tile specific humidity at 1.5m over land tiles (kg kg-1).	End
rad_net_tile	Tile surface net radiation (W m-2).	End
rgrain	Tile snow surface grain size (μm).	Start
snow_can_melt	Tile melt of snow on canopy (kg m-2 s-1).	End
snow_can	Tile snow on canopy (kg m-2).	Start
snow_depth	Tile snow depth (m).	Start
snow_grnd_rho	Tile bulk density of snow on ground (kg m-3).	Start
snow_grnd	Tile snow on ground below canopy (kg m-2).	Start
snow_ground	Tile snow on ground (snow_tile or snow_grnd depending on configuration) (kg m-2).	Start
snow_ice_tile	Tile total frozen mass in snow on ground (kg m-2). Only available if nsmax > 0.	Start
snow_liq_tile	Tile total liquid mass in snow on ground (kg m-2). Only available if nsmax > 0.	Start
snow_mass	Tile lying snow (total) (kg m-2).	Start
snow_melt	Tile snow melt rate (melt_tile) (kg m-2 s-1).	End
surf_ht_flux	Downward heat flux for each tile (W m-2).	End
surf_ht_store	C*(dT/dt) for each tile (W m-2).	End
t1p5m	Tile temperature at 1.5m over land tiles (K).	End
tstar	Tile surface temperature (K).	Start
z0	Tile surface roughness (m).	Start

10.5. Variables that have a value for each surface type at each land gridpoint

Name	Description	Captured
frac	Fractional cover of each surface type.	Start
tile_index	Index (gridbox number) of land points with each surface type.	Start

10.6. Variables that have a value for each soil level at each land gridpoint

Name	Description	Captured
b	Brooks-Corey exponent for each soil layer (-).	Start
ext	Extraction of water from each soil layer (kg m-2 s-1).	End
hcap	Dry soil heat capacity (J K-1 m-3) for each soil layer.	Start
hcon	Dry soil thermal conductivity (W m-1 K-1) for each soil layer.	Start
satcon	Saturated hydraulic conductivity (kg m-2 s-1) for each soil layer.	Start
sathh	Saturated soil water pressure (m) for each soil layer.	Start
smcl	Moisture content of each soil layer (kg m-2).	Start
soil_wet	Total moisture content of each soil layer, as fraction of saturation (-).	Start
sthf	Frozen moisture content of each soil layer as a fraction of saturation (-).	Start
sthu	Unfrozen moisture content of each soil layer as a fraction of saturation (-).	Start
t_soil	Sub-surface temperature of each layer (K).	Start
sm_crit	Volumetric moisture content at critical point for each soil layer (-).	Start
sm_sat	Volumetric moisture content at saturation for each soil layer (-).	Start
sm_wilt	Volumetric moisture content at wilting point for each soil layer (-).	Start

10.7. Variables that have a value for each soil carbon pool at each land gridpoint

If l_triffid = TRUE, there are 4 soil carbon pools as in the RothC model (decomposable plant material, resistant plant material, biomass, humus). If l_triffid = FALSE, there is a single soil carbon pool.

Name	Description	Captured
cs	Carbon in each soil pool (kg C m-2).	Start
resp_s	Respiration rate from each soil carbon pool (kg C m-2 s-1).	End

10.8. Variables that have a value for each snow layer on each tile at each land gridpoint

These variables are only available when nsmax > 0. Snow layer variables are treated differently from other output variables, since they have two additional dimensions (ntiles and nsmax) - a separate output variable is used for each tile. Output for each tile must be requested separately in the JULES_OUTPUT_PROFILE namelist.

In the following table, <n> should be replaced with a valid tile number to request output for that tile.

Name	Description	Captured
rgrainl_<n>	Grain size in snow layers for each tile (μm).	Start
snow_ds_<n>	Depth of each snow layer for each tile (m).	Start
snow_ice_<n>	Mass of ice in each snow layer for each tile (kg m-2).	Start
snow_liq_<n>	Mass of liquid water in each snow layer for each tile (kg m-2).	Start
tsnow_<n>	Temperature of each snow layer (K).	Start